zypper命令使用示例 |
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zypper命令使用示例
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Zypper是OpenSUSE和企业版SUSE中软件包管理器ZYpp的命令行接口。 主要用于：1.管理软件包：zypper可用来安装、删除、更新和查询本地或远程的软件包。2.管理仓库：zypper可用命令行添加、删除、启用或禁用库。
1. 安装包语法： # zypper install 示例：安装Mozilla firefox [root@linuxprobe ~]# zypper install MozillaFirefox Loading repository data... Reading installed packages... Resolving package dependencies... The following NEW packages are going to be installed: MozillaFirefox MozillaFirefox-branding-SLED The following packages are not supported by their vendor: MozillaFirefox MozillaFirefox-branding-SLED 2 new packages to install. Overall download size: 964.0 KiB. After the operation, additional 3.4 MiB will be used. Continue? [y/n/?] (y): y Retrieving package MozillaFirefox-3.6.16-0.2.1.x86_64 (1/2), 949.0 KiB (3.4 MiB unpacked) Retrieving: MozillaFirefox-3.6.16-0.2.1.x86_64.rpm [done] Installing: MozillaFirefox-3.6.16-0.2.1 [done] Retrieving package MozillaFirefox-branding-SLED-3.5-1.1.5.x86_64 (2/2), 15.0 KiB (34.0 KiB unpacked) Retrieving: MozillaFirefox-branding-SLED-3.5-1.1.5.x86_64.rpm [done] Installing: MozillaFirefox-branding-SLED-3.5-1.1.5 [done]2. 安装源码包语法：# zypper source-install 示例：从库中安装 apache [root@linuxprobe ~]# zypper source-install apache2-mod_nss Reading installed packages... Loading repository data... Resolving package dependencies... Retrieving package mozilla-nss-devel-3.12.8-1.2.1.x86_64 (2/3), 473.0 KiB (2.6 MiB unpacked) Retrieving: mozilla-nss-devel-3.12.8-1.2.1.x86_64.rpm [done] Installing: mozilla-nss-devel-3.12.8-1.2.1 [done] Retrieving: apache2-mod_nss-1.0.8-17.5.src.rpm [done]3. 更新包 更新某一软件包： # zypper update 更新所有软件包： # zypper update查看所有可用的更新列表：# zypper list-updates 4. 删除包 语法：# zypper remove 示例：移除Mozilla Firefox [root@linuxprobe ~]# zypper remove MozillaFirefox Loading repository data... Reading installed packages... Resolving package dependencies... The following packages are going to be REMOVED: MozillaFirefox MozillaFirefox-branding-SLED 2 packages to remove. After the operation, 3.4 MiB will be freed. Continue? [y/n/?] (y): y Removing MozillaFirefox-branding-SLED-3.5-1.1.5 [done] Removing MozillaFirefox-3.6.16-0.2.1 [done]5. 查找包 语法：# zypper search 示例：查找所有usb开头的软件包 [root@linuxprobe ~]# zypper search usb* Loading repository data... Reading installed packages... S | Name | Summary | Type --+---------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------+-------- | usb_modeswitch | A mode switching tool for controlling multiple-device USB gear | package | usb_modeswitch-data | A mode switching tool for controlling multiple-device USB gear | package | usbip-devel | Headers and static libraries | package i | usbutils | Tools and libraries for USB devices | package6. 查看软件包详情 语法： zypper info 示例：查看usbutils的信息 [root@linuxprobe ~]# zypper info usbutils Loading repository data... Reading installed packages... Information for package usbutils: Repository: LINUXPROBE Name: usbutils Version: 0.73-38.19 Arch: x86_64 Vendor: SUSE LINUX Products GmbH, Nuernberg, Germany Support Level: unknown Installed: Yes Status: up-to-date Installed Size: 461.0 KiB Summary: Tools and libraries for USB devices Description: This package contains a utility for inspecting devices connected to USB ports. It requires kernel version 2.3.99-pre7 or newer, or the USB backport which was introduced in 2.2.18 (supporting the /proc/bus/usb interface).7. 打补丁 查看所有可打补丁: zypper patches安装指定补丁：zypper patch 8. 锁住包 软件包被锁之后将不能被移除或升级，下面演示一下如何加锁1）加al选项锁住包文件“usbutils”, al 是 add lock的缩写 [root@linuxprobe ~] # zypper al usbutils Specified lock has been successfully added.2) 加ll选项查看所有已被锁住的软件包, ll 是 List Locks的缩写 [root@linuxprobe ~] # zypper ll # | Name | Type | Repository --+-----------------+---------+----------- 1 | usbutils | package | (any)9. 解锁包 加rl选项解锁usbutils, rl 是 remove lock的缩写 [root@linuxprobe ~] # zypper rl usbutils 1 lock has been successfully removed. [root@linuxprobe ~]# zypper ll There are no package locks defined. II. 用zypper管理仓库10. 用zypper添加库 语法：# zypper addrepo [root@linuxprobe ~] # zypper addrepo --check --refresh --name "Mozilla-repo" http://download.opensuse.org/repositories/mozilla/SLE_11/ "Mozillarepo" Adding repository 'Mozilla-repo' [done] Repository 'Mozilla-repo' successfully added Enabled: Yes Autorefresh: Yes URI: http://download.opensuse.org/repositories/mozilla/SLE_11/11. 创建本地库 我们可以使用zypper从本地目录中创建一个包含所有rpm文件的本地库语法： # zypper addrepo 示例：创建一个名为Linuxprobe_Repo的本地目录，包含所有rpm文件 [root@linuxprobe ~] # zypper addrepo /var/stormgt/dsminst Linuxprobe_Repo Adding repository 'Linuxprobe_Repo' [done] Repository 'Linuxprobe_Repo' successfully added Enabled: Yes Autorefresh: No URI: dir:///var/stormgt/dsminst [root@linuxprobe ~] # zypper search --repo Linuxprobe_Repo Loading repository data... Reading installed packages... S | Name | Summary | Type --+-------------+-----------------------------------------+-------- i | TIVsm-API | the API | package i | TIVsm-API64 | the API | package i | TIVsm-BA | the Backup Archive Client | package i | gskcrypt32 | IBM GSKit Cryptography Runtime | package i | gskcrypt64 | IBM GSKit Cryptography Runtime | package i | gskssl32 | IBM GSKit SSL Runtime With Acme Toolkit | package i | gskssl64 | IBM GSKit SSL Runtime With Acme Toolkit | package注：你也可以通过此命令添加NFS或FTP路径 12. 查看库 [root@linuxprobe ~] # zypper lr # | Alias | Name | Enabled | Refresh --+--------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------+---------+-------- 1 | Mozillarepo | Mozilla-repo | Yes | Yes 2 | SUSE-Linux-Enterprise-Server-11-SP1 11.1.1-1.152 | SUSE-Linux-Enterprise-Server-11-SP1 11.1.1-1.152 | Yes | Yes查看repo完整的URI： [root@linuxprobe ~] # zypper lr --uri # | Alias | Name | Enabled | Refresh | URI --+--------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------+---------+---------+---------------------------------------------------------- 1 | Mozillarepo | Mozilla-repo | Yes | Yes | http://download.opensuse.org/repositories/mozilla/SLE_11/ 2 | SUSE-Linux-Enterprise-Server-11-SP1 11.1.1-1.152 | SUSE-Linux-Enterprise-Server-11-SP1 11.1.1-1.152 | Yes | Yes | http://19.106.65.64/FUSELinux/600RC013. 在库中搜索包列出指定库Mozillarepo的所有软件包 [root@linuxprobe ~] # zypper search --repo Mozillarepo Loading repository data... Reading installed packages... S | Name | Summary | Type --+--------------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------------+----------- i | MozillaFirefox | Mozilla Firefox Web Browser | package i | MozillaFirefox-branding-SLED | SLED branding of MozillaFirefox | package | MozillaFirefox-branding-openSUSE | openSUSE branding of MozillaFirefox | package | MozillaFirefox-branding-openSUSE | openSUSE branding of MozillaFirefox | srcpackage14. 库重命名 重命名库可以用 renamerepo 选项示例：将库"Linuxprobe_Repo"的名字改成"MyLinuxRepo" [root@linuxprobe ~] # zypper renamerepo Linuxprobe_Repo MyLinuxRepo Repository 'Linuxprobe_Repo' renamed to 'MyLinuxRepo'.15. 删除库 用removerepo选项来移除库 [root@linuxprobe ~] # zypper removerepo MyLinuxRepo Removing repository 'MyLinuxRepo' [done] Repository 'MyLinuxRepo has been removed.16. 备份库 用export选项可以备份一系列库文件 [root@linuxprobe ~] # zypper lr --export /var/tmp/backup.repo Repositories have been successfully exported to /var/tmp/backup.repo.17. 从备份文件中添加库 [root@linuxprobe ~] # zypper addrepo /var/tmp/backup.rep18. 禁用/使用库 示例： 用 modifyrepo 选项的 -d 参数来禁用Mozilla库 [root@linuxprobe ~] # zypper modifyrepo -d Mozillarepo Repository 'Mozillarepo' has been successfully disabled.示例： 用 modifyrepo选项 -e 参数来允许使用Mozilla库 [root@linuxprobe ~] # zypper modifyrepo -e Mozillarepo Repository 'Mozillarepo' has been successfully enabled.19. 刷新库 示例： 刷新Mozilla库 [root@linuxprobe ~] # zypper refresh Mozillarepo Repository 'Mozilla-repo' is up to date. Specified repositories have been refreshed.示例： 自动刷新指定库 [root@linuxprobe ~] # zypper modifyrepo --refresh Linuxprobe_Repo Autorefresh has been enabled for repository 'Linuxprobe_Repo'.免费提供最新Linux技术教程书籍，为开源技术爱好者努力做得更多更好：https://www.linuxprobe.com |
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